Workplace compliance glossary

The words behind the work.

Plain-English definitions for the terms that appear when an employee event becomes regulated work—without leaving the process to decode the jargon.

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Glossary terms

177 terms

CEEOC & employment claims

Charge of Discrimination

A formal allegation filed with the EEOC stating that an employer or other covered organization engaged in unlawful employment discrimination.

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CEEOC & employment claims

Charging Party

The person who filed a charge of discrimination with the EEOC or a partner agency.

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CEEOC & employment claims

Comparator

A person whose circumstances and treatment may be compared with the charging party’s to evaluate possible unequal treatment.

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CEEOC & employment claims

Conciliation

The EEOC’s required effort to seek a voluntary resolution after finding reasonable cause to believe discrimination occurred.

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DEEOC & employment claims

Determination

The EEOC’s conclusion after investigating whether the evidence establishes reasonable cause to believe discrimination occurred.

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EEEOC & employment claims

EEOC Mediation

A voluntary, informal process in which a neutral mediator helps the parties try to resolve a discrimination charge.

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NEEOC & employment claims

Notice of Right to Sue

An EEOC notice giving the charging party permission to file certain employment discrimination claims in court.

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PEEOC & employment claims

Position Statement

The respondent’s written explanation of its facts, evidence, defenses, and response to the allegations in an EEOC charge.

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REEOC & employment claims

Request for Information (RFI)

A request from the EEOC asking a party to provide specific documents, records, answers, or other information during an investigation.

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REEOC & employment claims

Respondent

The employer, employment agency, labor organization, or other covered organization named in a discrimination charge.

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FLeave & accommodation

Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)

A federal law providing eligible employees of covered employers with unpaid, job-protected leave for specified family, medical, and military reasons.

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ELeave & accommodation

Eligible Employee (FMLA)

An employee who satisfies the FMLA’s service, hours-worked, employer-coverage, and worksite requirements when leave begins.

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CLeave & accommodation

Covered Employer (FMLA)

An employer subject to the FMLA because it meets the law’s public-agency, school, or private-employer coverage rules.

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SLeave & accommodation

Serious Health Condition (FMLA)

An illness, injury, impairment, or physical or mental condition involving inpatient care or continuing treatment by a health care provider.

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ILeave & accommodation

Intermittent Leave (FMLA)

FMLA leave taken in separate blocks of time for one qualifying reason instead of one continuous absence.

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RLeave & accommodation

Reduced Schedule Leave (FMLA)

A temporary reduction in an employee’s usual daily or weekly work schedule for an FMLA-qualifying reason.

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MLeave & accommodation

Medical Certification (FMLA)

Information from a health care provider supporting the need for FMLA leave when certification is permitted and requested.

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ELeave & accommodation

Eligibility Notice (FMLA)

The employer notice telling an employee whether they are eligible for FMLA leave or why they are not eligible.

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RLeave & accommodation

Rights and Responsibilities Notice (FMLA)

The employer notice explaining the employee’s specific FMLA expectations, obligations, and consequences.

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DLeave & accommodation

Designation Notice (FMLA)

The employer notice stating whether leave is designated and counted as FMLA-protected leave.

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FLeave & accommodation

Fitness-for-Duty Certification

A health care provider’s certification addressing whether an employee can resume work after FMLA leave.

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RLeave & accommodation

Reasonable Accommodation

A change to the application process, job, work environment, or benefits access that enables equal employment opportunity.

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ILeave & accommodation

Interactive Process

A timely, good-faith exchange used to understand an accommodation need and identify possible effective accommodations.

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ELeave & accommodation

Essential Functions

The fundamental duties of a job, as distinguished from marginal or incidental tasks.

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ULeave & accommodation

Undue Hardship

Significant difficulty or expense that may allow an employer to deny a particular accommodation after individualized assessment.

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KLeave & accommodation

Known Limitation (PWFA)

A pregnancy-, childbirth-, or related limitation that has been communicated to the employer.

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WWorkers’ comp & return to work

Workers’ Compensation Claim

A request for benefits under an applicable workers’ compensation system for a work-related injury, illness, disability, or death.

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FWorkers’ comp & return to work

First Report of Injury (FROI)

The initial report notifying a workers’ compensation authority or claim administrator about a work-related injury or illness.

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CWorkers’ comp & return to work

Compensability

The determination of whether a reported condition is covered under the applicable workers’ compensation law.

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MWorkers’ comp & return to work

Medical-Only Claim

A workers’ compensation claim involving medical treatment without qualifying wage-loss disability payments.

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LWorkers’ comp & return to work

Lost-Time Claim

A claim in which the work-related condition causes enough missed work or wage loss to implicate disability benefits.

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IWorkers’ comp & return to work

Indemnity Benefits

Workers’ compensation cash payments associated with wage loss, disability, impairment, or death.

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TWorkers’ comp & return to work

Temporary Total Disability (TTD)

A period in which the worker is temporarily unable to work because of the covered condition.

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TWorkers’ comp & return to work

Temporary Partial Disability (TPD)

A period in which the worker can work while recovering but earns less because of the covered condition.

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PWorkers’ comp & return to work

Permanent Partial Disability (PPD)

A lasting work-related impairment that does not prevent all employment.

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PWorkers’ comp & return to work

Permanent Total Disability (PTD)

Permanent disability preventing gainful employment under the applicable legal standard.

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MWorkers’ comp & return to work

Maximum Medical Improvement (MMI)

The point when a worker’s condition is stable and unlikely to improve substantially with additional treatment.

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IWorkers’ comp & return to work

Impairment Rating

A medical assessment expressing the extent of permanent loss or limitation under an applicable rating method.

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WWorkers’ comp & return to work

Work Restrictions

Medical limits describing what an employee should or should not do at work.

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MWorkers’ comp & return to work

Modified Duty

Work adjusted to fit an employee’s current restrictions or functional capacity.

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RWorkers’ comp & return to work

Return-to-Work Plan

A documented arrangement for moving an employee back to work safely after injury, illness, or leave.

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AEmployee relations & investigations

Allegation

A specific assertion about conduct or an event that may need review under policy or law.

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AOSHA & safety

Amputation (OSHA)

The traumatic loss of all or part of a limb or other external body part under OSHA’s severe-injury reporting definition.

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CEmployee relations & investigations

Conflict of Interest

A relationship, interest, involvement, or reporting line that could compromise—or reasonably appear to compromise—an investigator’s objectivity.

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CEmployee relations & investigations

Corrective Action

Action selected after assessment or findings to stop misconduct, address harm, reduce risk, and prevent recurrence.

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CEmployee relations & investigations

Corroborating Evidence

Information from another source that supports, confirms, or strengthens a material part of an account.

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CEmployee relations & investigations

Credibility Assessment

A reasoned evaluation of how believable and reliable evidence or an account is in light of the full record.

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DOSHA & safety

Days Away From Work (DAFW)

An OSHA case classification used when a recordable work-related condition causes one or more calendar days away from work.

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EEmployee relations & investigations

Employee Complaint

A report that workplace conduct, treatment, or a decision may violate policy, expectations, or law.

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FOSHA & safety

First Aid (OSHA Recordkeeping)

The specific treatments OSHA excludes from medical treatment for recordkeeping purposes.

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GOSHA & safety

General Recording Criteria

The OSHA outcomes that make a new, work-related injury or illness recordable under the general rule.

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IEmployee relations & investigations

Impartial Investigator

A fact finder who can conduct the investigation fairly without control by an involved party or a disqualifying interest.

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IOSHA & safety

In-Patient Hospitalization (OSHA)

A formal admission to a hospital or clinic’s in-patient service for care or treatment, as used in OSHA severe-injury reporting.

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IEmployee relations & investigations

Inconclusive Finding

A finding used when the evidence does not support a reliable conclusion under the organization’s defined outcome framework.

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IEmployee relations & investigations

Initial Assessment

The structured review that determines what a workplace report is, what needs immediate action, and where it should go next.

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IEmployee relations & investigations

Interim Measures

Temporary steps used to protect people, preserve the process, or reduce immediate risk while a concern is assessed or investigated.

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IEmployee relations & investigations

Investigation Interview

A planned fact-finding conversation used to obtain, clarify, and test information relevant to an investigation.

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IEmployee relations & investigations

Investigation Report

The organized record of scope, process, evidence, analysis, findings, and material limitations from an investigation.

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IEmployee relations & investigations

Investigation Scope

The defined subjects, allegations, time period, people, locations, and questions included in an investigation.

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MOSHA & safety

Medical Treatment Beyond First Aid

Treatment that exceeds OSHA’s defined first-aid list and can make a new, work-related case recordable.

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NOSHA & safety

Near Miss

An unplanned event that did not cause injury, illness, or damage but had the potential to do so.

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NEmployee relations & investigations

Need-to-Know Confidentiality

The practice of limiting investigation information to people who need it for fact finding, decision-making, support, or another legitimate role.

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NOSHA & safety

New Case (OSHA)

An OSHA recordkeeping case that is not merely the continuation or recurrence of an existing recorded condition.

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OOSHA & safety

OSHA Form 300 Log

A running log used by covered employers to classify and record qualifying work-related injuries and illnesses.

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OOSHA & safety

OSHA Form 300A Summary

The certified annual summary of recordable work-related injuries and illnesses for an establishment.

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OOSHA & safety

OSHA Form 301 Incident Report

A detailed incident report completed for each recordable work-related injury or illness, or replaced by an equivalent form.

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PEmployee relations & investigations

Preponderance of the Evidence

An evidence standard asking whether a conclusion is more likely than not based on the quality and reliability of the full record.

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ROSHA & safety

Recordable Injury or Illness

A new, work-related injury or illness that meets OSHA’s general or special recording criteria.

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ROSHA & safety

Restricted Work or Job Transfer

An OSHA case classification used when a recordable condition keeps an employee from performing routine functions or working a full workday, or requires transfer.

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REmployee relations & investigations

Retaliation

Materially adverse treatment connected to protected activity, including reporting discrimination or participating in an investigation.

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SOSHA & safety

Severe Injury Reporting

The separate duty to notify OSHA promptly after specified work-related fatalities and severe injuries.

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SOSHA & safety

Significant Injury or Illness

A work-related condition diagnosed by a licensed health care professional that OSHA requires to be recorded even before other listed outcomes occur.

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SEmployee relations & investigations

Substantiated Finding

A finding that the available evidence satisfies the organization’s stated standard for concluding an allegation occurred or a policy was violated.

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UEmployee relations & investigations

Unsubstantiated Finding

A finding that the available evidence does not satisfy the organization’s stated standard for the allegation.

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WEmployee relations & investigations

Witness

A person who may have relevant firsthand knowledge, contextual information, records, or other evidence.

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WOSHA & safety

Work-Relatedness (OSHA)

The OSHA recordkeeping determination of whether a work event or exposure caused, contributed to, or significantly aggravated an injury or illness.

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WEmployee relations & investigations

Workplace Investigation

A structured fact-finding process used to reach a fair, supportable understanding of reported workplace conduct.

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AInfraNet & operations

Action Item

A discrete piece of work that must be completed, documented, or intentionally resolved within a case.

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AInfraNet & operations

Action Owner

The person or role currently accountable for moving a specific action or decision forward.

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AUnemployment

Appeal

A timely request for review of an unemployment determination or decision under the applicable state process.

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AUnemployment

Appeals Hearing

A proceeding in which an appeals official receives testimony and evidence and issues a decision on an unemployment dispute.

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AUnion & labor relations

Arbitration

A dispute-resolution process in which a neutral arbitrator issues a decision under the parties’ agreement.

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AInfraNet & operations

Audit Trail

The chronological record of material actions, changes, decisions, communications, and ownership across a workplace event.

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AInfraNet & operations

Awaiting Decision

A status used when the available work has reached a point requiring authorized human judgment before the case can move.

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BUnion & labor relations

Bargaining Unit

The group of employees represented together for collective-bargaining purposes.

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BUnemployment

Base Period

The wage-measurement period a state uses to evaluate monetary eligibility and allocate potential employer charges.

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BUnemployment

Benefit Charge

Unemployment benefits allocated to an employer’s account under the applicable state financing rules.

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BUnemployment

Benefit Year

The one-year period during which an unemployment claim remains available for weekly benefit requests, subject to state rules.

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CInfraNet & operations

Captain

InfraNet’s bounded operational intelligence layer that surfaces attention, summarizes case state, and helps humans understand what needs review.

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CInfraNet & operations

Captain’s Log

The preserved operational record of meaningful case movement, attention, decisions, and context surfaced through InfraNet.

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CInfraNet & operations

Case

The organized operational record used to carry a workplace event and its related work from intake through closure.

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CUnemployment

Claim Protest

An employer’s timely response disputing or supplying facts about an unemployment claim before the agency’s initial decision.

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CInfraNet & operations

Closed Loop

A workplace obligation or action completed with enough evidence to show what happened and why it is finished.

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CUnion & labor relations

Collective Bargaining

The process by which an employer and employees’ representative negotiate concerning wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment.

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CUnion & labor relations

Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA)

The written labor contract setting negotiated terms, rights, duties, and procedures for an employer and represented bargaining unit.

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CInfraNet & operations

Command Center

InfraNet’s operational view of open workplace events, ownership, deadlines, blockers, decisions, and items needing attention.

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CDOT & transportation

Commercial Driver’s License (CDL)

A state-issued license authorizing a qualified driver to operate designated classes of commercial motor vehicles.

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CDOT & transportation

Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV)

A vehicle meeting an applicable federal or state definition that triggers specified commercial-transportation safety requirements.

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CInfraNet & operations

Connected Event

A workplace event whose facts or obligations overlap another compliance or employee-relations process.

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DDOT & transportation

DOT Drug and Alcohol Violation

A verified test result, refusal, or other prohibited conduct under an applicable DOT agency drug and alcohol regulation.

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DDOT & transportation

Driver Qualification File (DQF)

The motor carrier’s required record showing that a regulated driver meets applicable qualification requirements.

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DDOT & transportation

Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse

FMCSA’s secure database of commercial-driver drug and alcohol program violations and return-to-duty status information.

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DInfraNet & operations

Due Date

The date by which an action, response, decision, or follow-up is expected to be completed.

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DUnion & labor relations

Duty to Bargain in Good Faith

The obligation of a covered employer and union to meet and participate sincerely in collective bargaining.

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EDOT & transportation

Electronic Logging Device (ELD)

A compliant device that synchronizes with a vehicle engine to record driving time and support hours-of-service records.

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EInfraNet & operations

Employee 411

A company-specific employee resource center for policies, benefits, processes, contacts, and the correct path for workplace questions or reports.

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EUnemployment

Employer Claim Notice

A state-agency notice informing an employer that a current or former employee filed for unemployment benefits and requesting information.

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EInfraNet & operations

Event Intake

The structured capture of a workplace event before ownership, assessment, and downstream work are assigned.

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EInfraNet & operations

Evidence Record

A document, communication, statement, system record, or other information preserved in connection with a workplace event.

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EUnion & labor relations

Exclusive Bargaining Representative

The union authorized to represent employees in a bargaining unit concerning collective bargaining and contract administration.

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EUnemployment

Experience Rating

A method states use to help calculate an employer’s unemployment tax rate based partly on its historical payroll, contributions, and benefit charges.

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FUnemployment

Fact-Finding Response

The employer’s factual submission answering an unemployment agency’s questions about a claim or eligibility issue.

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FDOT & transportation

Follow-Up Testing (DOT)

Unannounced testing required under a SAP’s plan after an employee returns to safety-sensitive duties following a DOT violation.

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GUnion & labor relations

Grievance

A complaint or dispute processed under a collective bargaining agreement’s grievance procedure.

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GUnion & labor relations

Grievance Procedure

The contract-defined sequence for submitting, discussing, escalating, and resolving a labor grievance.

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HInfraNet & operations

Handoff

The explicit transfer of responsibility, information, or requested work from one owner to another.

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HDOT & transportation

Hours of Service (HOS)

FMCSA limits and related requirements governing how long covered commercial drivers may drive and remain on duty.

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IUnion & labor relations

Impasse

A genuine bargaining deadlock reached after the parties have negotiated in good faith and further discussions would be futile.

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IInfraNet & operations

InfraNet Concierge

The human support layer that helps organizations implement, operate, and maintain InfraNet’s connected workplace-event workflows.

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IUnemployment

Initial Claim

The first application that opens an unemployment insurance claim and establishes a benefit year.

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LUnion & labor relations

Labor Union

An organization of employees formed to advance shared interests concerning wages, hours, benefits, and other working conditions.

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MUnion & labor relations

Mandatory Subject of Bargaining

A subject involving wages, hours, or other terms and conditions of employment over which covered parties generally must bargain in good faith.

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MDOT & transportation

Medical Examiner’s Certificate

Documentation that a driver was medically examined and found qualified under applicable FMCSA physical-qualification standards, subject to listed limits or expiration.

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MUnemployment

Monetary Determination

A state-agency decision addressing wage-based eligibility and the potential amount or duration of unemployment benefits.

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MDOT & transportation

Motor Vehicle Record (MVR)

A driving record obtained from a state licensing authority and used in driver qualification and monitoring.

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NInfraNet & operations

Needs Attention

A status signaling that a case or action requires prompt human review because of risk, delay, conflict, or missing movement.

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NUnemployment

Nonmonetary Determination

A state-agency decision resolving an eligibility issue other than the claimant’s wage amount, such as the separation reason.

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OInfraNet & operations

Open Loop

Work that has started or been identified but still lacks a completed action, response, decision, or documented closure.

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OInfraNet & operations

Operational Memory

The durable, connected record of what happened, what was decided, what moved, what waited, and how the workplace event closed.

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OInfraNet & operations

Operational Status

A status describing where work currently sits and what kind of movement is required next.

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PUnion & labor relations

Past Practice

A repeated and accepted way of handling a workplace matter that may be relevant to contract interpretation or bargaining obligations.

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PDOT & transportation

Post-Accident Testing (DOT)

Drug or alcohol testing required after an accident that meets the specific trigger and timing rules of the applicable DOT agency.

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PUnion & labor relations

Protected Concerted Activity

Employee activity undertaken with or on behalf of coworkers to improve wages, hours, or other working conditions, when protected by the NLRA.

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RDOT & transportation

Reasonable Suspicion Testing

DOT testing initiated when a trained supervisor makes the required contemporaneous observations under the applicable agency rule.

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RDOT & transportation

Record of Duty Status (RODS)

The driver’s daily record of driving, on-duty, off-duty, and sleeper-berth time under hours-of-service rules.

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RInfraNet & operations

Regulatory Deadline

A time limit created by an applicable law, regulation, agency notice, or required process.

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RDOT & transportation

Return-to-Duty Process (DOT)

The required process a covered employee must complete before resuming safety-sensitive functions after a DOT drug or alcohol violation.

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SDOT & transportation

Safety-Sensitive Function

Work designated by a DOT agency’s regulations as subject to specific drug and alcohol testing and removal requirements.

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SUnemployment

Separation Reason

The factual reason the employment relationship ended or work stopped, as evaluated under applicable unemployment law.

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SDOT & transportation

Substance Abuse Professional (SAP)

A qualified professional who evaluates an employee who violated a DOT drug or alcohol rule and directs the required education, treatment, and follow-up testing plan.

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SUnemployment

Suitable Work

Work an unemployment agency considers appropriate under state law when evaluating availability, work search, or refusal-of-work issues.

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TInfraNet & operations

Triage

The early operational review that identifies urgency, immediate protection, ownership, routing, and the next required decision.

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UUnemployment

Unemployment Insurance (UI)

A joint federal-state program providing temporary benefits to eligible workers who are unemployed through no fault of their own under applicable state law.

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UUnion & labor relations

Unfair Labor Practice (ULP)

Conduct by an employer or labor organization that violates rights or duties established by the National Labor Relations Act.

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WInfraNet & operations

Waiting on Others

A status used when InfraNet or the internal owner has completed the current step and progress depends on another person or organization.

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WUnion & labor relations

Weingarten Rights

The right of a union-represented employee, upon request, to representation during an investigatory interview the employee reasonably believes may lead to discipline.

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WInfraNet & operations

Workplace Event

Something that happens to or involving an employee and starts coordinated workplace obligations, decisions, or follow-up.

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ULeave & accommodation

Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA)

The federal law protecting civilian employment rights connected to uniformed service.

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MOSHA & safety

Maritime Industry (Employment Compliance)

The work context covering shipyards, marine terminals, longshoring, and related vessel or cargo operations.

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FDOT & transportation

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

The U.S. DOT agency responsible for civil aviation safety and the national airspace system.

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ULeave & accommodation

U.S. Department of Labor (DOL)

The federal department responsible for many workplace laws, benefits, statistics, and enforcement functions.

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EEEOC & employment claims

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

The federal agency enforcing major federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination.

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ALeave & accommodation

ADA Leave as an Accommodation

A finite leave period or schedule change considered as a possible reasonable accommodation.

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AEmployee relations

Administrative Leave

Employer-directed or approved time away while a workplace matter or temporary condition is reviewed.

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JLeave & accommodation

Jury Duty Leave

Time away to respond to a jury summons or serve as a juror.

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BLeave & accommodation

Bereavement Leave

Time away following a death covered by law or employer policy.

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PLeave & accommodation

Personal Leave of Absence

Employer-approved time away for a personal reason not classified under another leave program.

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LLeave & accommodation

Long-Term Disability (LTD)

A wage-replacement benefit for a qualifying disability continuing beyond a plan’s short-term period.

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SLeave & accommodation

Short-Term Disability (STD)

A wage-replacement benefit for a qualifying temporary disability.

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PLeave & accommodation

Paid Sick Leave

Paid time away for illness, medical care, preventive care, or other covered reasons.

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PLeave & accommodation

Paid Family and Medical Leave (PFML)

A state, local, or employer program replacing some wages during qualifying family or medical leave.

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MLeave & accommodation

Military Leave (USERRA)

Absence from civilian employment for service in the uniformed services.

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MLeave & accommodation

Military Caregiver Leave (FMLA)

FMLA leave to care for a covered servicemember or veteran with a serious injury or illness.

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QLeave & accommodation

Qualifying Exigency Leave

FMLA leave for certain needs arising from a family member’s covered active duty.

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BLeave & accommodation

Bonding Leave (FMLA)

FMLA leave to bond with a newborn or a child newly placed for adoption or foster care.

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CLeave & accommodation

Continuous Leave

Leave taken in one uninterrupted block rather than separate episodes or a reduced schedule.

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FLeave & accommodation

FMLA Form WH-385-V — Veteran Care Certification

The optional DOL certification form for military caregiver leave involving a covered veteran.

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FLeave & accommodation

FMLA Form WH-385 — Current Servicemember Care Certification

The optional DOL certification form for military caregiver leave involving a current servicemember.

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FLeave & accommodation

FMLA Form WH-384 — Qualifying Exigency Certification

The optional DOL certification form for leave arising from a qualifying military exigency.

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FLeave & accommodation

FMLA Form WH-382 — Designation Notice

The optional DOL form stating whether leave will be designated and counted as FMLA leave.

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FLeave & accommodation

FMLA Form WH-381 — Eligibility, Rights and Responsibilities Notice

The optional DOL form stating FMLA eligibility and applicable rights and responsibilities.

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FLeave & accommodation

FMLA Form WH-380-F — Family Member Medical Certification

The optional DOL certification form for leave to care for a family member with a serious health condition.

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FLeave & accommodation

FMLA Form WH-380-E — Employee Medical Certification

The optional DOL certification form for an employee’s own serious health condition.

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EEEOC & employment claims

EEOC Form 131 — Notice of Charge of Discrimination

The EEOC notice informing an organization that a discrimination charge has been filed against it.

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EEEOC & employment claims

EEOC Form 5 — Charge of Discrimination

The signed document that formally states an employment-discrimination charge filed with the EEOC.

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DDOT & transportation

DAC Report

Industry shorthand for a commercial driver employment-history report commonly used during motor-carrier hiring.

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DOSHA & safety

DART Rate

An OSHA incidence rate for cases involving days away, restricted work, or job transfer.

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No matching term yet.

The glossary is growing across leave, safety, workers’ compensation, employee relations, investigations, labor, and transportation.

About this glossary: Definitions are educational and operational, not legal advice. Requirements can depend on jurisdiction, facts, agency instructions, and current law.